Biography of Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867. His parents, William Cary Wright and Anna Lloyd-Jones, originally named him Frank Lincoln Wright, which he later changed after they divorced. When he was twelve years old, Wright's family settled in Madison, Wisconsin where he attended Madison High School. During summers spent on his Uncle James Lloyd Jones' farm in Spring Green, Wisconsin, Wright first began to realize his dream of becoming an architect. In 1885, he left Madison without finishing high school to work for Allan Conover, the Dean of the University of Wisconsin's Engineering department. While at the University, Wright spent two semesters studying civil engineering before moving to Chicago in 1887.

In 1909, after eighteen years in Oak Park, Wright left his home to move to Germany with a woman named Mamah Borthwick Cheney. When they returned in 1911, they moved to Spring Green, Wisconsin where his mother had given him a portion of his ancestors' land; it was the same farm where he had spent much time as a young boy. In Spring Green he constructed Taliesin. They lived there until 1914 when tragedy struck. An insane servant tragically murdered Cheney and six others, then set fire to Taliesin. Many people thought this horrific event would be the end of Wright's career. He proved them wrong however, with his decision to rebuild Taliesin. 

In 1932, Wright opened Taliesin up as an architectural fellowship where young students could pay to work with and learn from him. Thirty apprentices came to live with him at Taliesin. Through the Taliesin Fellowship, Wright created masterpieces such as Fallingwater (the Kaufmann House) in Mill Run, Pennsylvania, and the SC Johnson and Son Wax Company Administration Center in Racine, Wisconsin. During this time, he married and separated from Miriam Noel and met his third wife, Olivanna Milanoff. The two lived happily at Taliesin for five years and raised a child there. As the couple grew older, the Wisconsin winters became too much for them. In 1937, Wright moved his family and fellowship to Phoenix, Arizona where he built Taliesin West and spent the last twenty years of his life.

On April 9, 1959 at age ninety-two, Wright died at his home in Phoenix, Arizona. By the time of his death, he had become internationally recognized for his innovative building style and contemporary designs. He had created 1,141 designs, of which 532 were completed. His name had become synonymous with great design, not only because of the form of his designs, but also because of the function. In the end, he showed not just what to live in, but more importantly he influenced the very nature of how we lived.  

Biography of Jack Welch

 Jack Welch grew to fame in the business world through his management success and skills during his many years at General Electric. Welch turned the struggling slow moving giant of a company into a dynamic growth company revered by many. During his 20 years of leadership at General Electric (GE) Welch increased the value of the company from $13 billion to several hundred billion.
 
Born John Frances Welch Jr. in Salem Massachusetts USA in 1935. Welch received his B.S. degree at the University of Massachusetts in Chemical Engineering and then went on to receive his M.S. and Ph.D degrees (as a Chemical Engineer) at the University of Illinois.

After graduating in 1960 Welch joined General Electric as a Chemical engineer and worked his way through the ranks to become the Chairman and CEO of GE, making him the eighth and youngest leader.

During his 20 year reign of General Electric, one of Americas largest and most well known companies Jack Welch's management skills became almost legendary. His no nonsense leadership style gave him a reputation of being hard, even ruthless, but also fair when making business decisions.

Welch had little time for bureaucracy and archaic business ways. If managers didn't change they were replaced with someone that could change. Managers were given free reign as long as they followed the GE ethic of constant change and striving to do better. He ran GE like a small dynamic business able to change as opportunities arose or when a business become unprofitable.

In his pursuit to change and streamline the General Electric giant Welch once earned the nickname of Neutron Jack. More than 100,000 GE employees had their jobs taken from them during his reign. GE businesses had to be the best performing business in their field or they were sold.

General Electric saw great growth and expansion under Jack Welch's leadership. Through streamlining operations, acquiring new businesses, and ensuring that each business under the GE umbrella was one of the best in its field the company was able expand dramatically from 1981 to 2001.

Love him or hate him, there is no denying that Jack Welch is an exceptional manager and improved the General Electric company dramatically. His management ideas and leadership skills are both admired by business commentators and imitated by business leaders worldwide.

Since retiring from his role as GE Chairman in 2001 Welch has written a best selling memoir "Jack, Straight from the Gut" and consults with several Fortune 500 businesses.

Jack Welch was married to his first wife Carolyn for 28 years and had four children with her. He was married to his second wife Jane Beasley for almost 14 years. Welch married his third and current wife Suzy Wetlaufer after the couple began an affair when Wetlaufer interviewed Welch while working for the Harvard Business Review publication.
http://www.businessweek.com/1996/44/b34991.htm

http://www.welchway.com/About-Us/Jack-Welch/Jack-Publications.aspx

Biography of Soedarpo Sastrosatomo

Born Pangkalan Susu, Langkat, North Sumatra, June 30, 1920 - died in Jakarta, 22 October 2007) is a negotiator, nationalist, and a lot of entrepreneurs who play a role in helping the struggle of Indonesia's diplomacy in the early days of independence.
He was involved as a member of the Indonesian negotiator in talks Linggarjati, then become a member of RI representative at the United Nations in 1948 until 1950. After becoming a public servant for a while, he came out to do private business. He founded the PT. Samudera Indonesia, a large shipping company that controls the distribution of goods throughout Indonesia. After several expansions to the various fields of business, in 1986 he led the 21 companies listed.
He is known as an Indonesian businessman, dubbed as the King because the company ships voyage into the front guard company in Indonesia. In 2006, his name is entered in the "List of 40 richest people in Indonesia (2006)" from Forbes Magazine.

In his old age he was known as a philanthropist and a lot to do and help movement activists, politicians, and academics. 

Married with Minarsih Wiranatakusumah and has three children.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2007/10/23/patriotic-businessman-soedarpo-sastrosatomo-dies.html-0 

Biography of Dr. Ir. Ciputra

 Dr. Ir. Ciputra born in the small town of Parigi, Central Sulawesi on August 24, 1931 under the name Tjie Tjin Hoan, he was the 3rd child of the couple Tjie Sim Eng Nio Lie Poe and the family backgrounds also simple. When she lost her 12-year-old father who died in custody since the Japanese occupation army is considered a false accusation Dutch spy. Bitterness childhood has led to the determination and the important decisions that have aspirations to go to school in Java for a better future, free from poverty and destitution. Finally Dr. Ir. Ciputra little back to school even though late. He was late because our country is still in an atmosphere of war with the Dutch and Japanese troops. He attended grade 3 elementary school in the village Bumbulan though he was already 12 years old or late in almost 4 years. When he was 16 years of graduating from elementary school and then continue in Gorontalo junior and senior high school level in Manado after it entered the architecture department at ITB Bandung. Late but not that hampered not ..? Overall education adolescence Dr. Ir. Ciputra is a combination of academic education and also non-academic, in the classroom and also outside the classroom. This is what can be called a school of life that makes a person grow into an independent person and intact. It is therefore not surprising that now he believes that good education is education that builds a whole person and some characteristic is to build morale, encourage creativity and independent characters educate students. Ciputra major works are so diverse, because almost all sub-properties dijamahnya. He now controls five business groups Jaya, Metropolitan, Pondok Indah, Bumi Serpong Damai, and Ciputra Development, each of which has a core business in the property sector. New town project is now a total of 11 fruit spread in Greater Jakarta, Surabaya, and in Vietnam with a total area covers 20,000 hectares more. The 11 new cities that are Bumi Serpong Damai, Pantai Indah Kapuk, Puri Jaya, CitraRaya Nuance City Arts, City Park Bintaro Jaya, Pondok Indah, Citra Indah, Taman Metropolitan City, CitraRaya Surabaya, Sidoarjo New City, and Citra Westlake City Hanoi, Vietnam. Commercial property projects, is also very classy and a trend setter in its field. Moreover, the projects also become magnets for growth in the surrounding area. Ciputra pioneered a business trip since he was a student of architecture Bandung Institute of Technology. Together with Ismail Sofyan and Budi Brasali, college friends, around 1957, Ciputra founded PT Daya Cipta. Bureau of the architects of the three students, had obtained a contract of employment earnings for that period, compared to other similar companies. Projects that they handle such a bank buildings in Banda Aceh. In 1960 Ciputra graduated from ITB. To Jakarta ... We've got to Jakarta, because there are many jobs, he told Islamil Sofyan and Budi Brasali. This decision was a milestone that determines the way of life Ciputra and two colleagues were. With the flag of PT Perentjaja Djaja IPD, which was shot Ciputra prestigious project is the development center in the region berbelanjaan Senen. In many ways, Ciputra Jakarta is trying to meet the Governor at that time, Dr. R. Soemarno, to offer his proposal. Tit for tat. Meeting with Soemarno then followed up with the establishment of PT Pembangunan Jaya, after previously sealed by President Sukarno. After the shopping center Monday, Ciputra monumental project in the next Jaya Ancol Dreamland and Bintaro Jay. Through a company 40% owned the government of Jakarta is Ciputra showed his class as well as professional entrepreuneur reliable in collecting existing resources into the power of big business. Jaya Group, founded in 1961 with capital of Rp. 10 million, now has total assets of about Rp. 5 trillion. Supported by lobbying ability, Ciputra gradually also developed outside the company network Jaya, namely the Metropolitan Group, the Group Pondok Indah, the Group Bumi Serpong Damai, and the last is the Ciputra Group. The total number of children from five groups of business is certainly in the top one hundred, as a subsidiary of the Group Jaya only 47 and a subsidiary of the Metropolitan Group of 54. Of this, Ciputra jokingly said: If our children are ten, we still can remember the name of each. But if more than that, even numbers were difficult to remember anymore. The facility is the third element of the 10 factors that determine customer satisfaction. Consumers should be satisfied with the provision of public facilities and social amenities more. But the facility did not have to be built all at once at the early stage of development. If the facility was built more direct, high prices will direct. This will not provide benefits to the purchaser, in addition also a big risk for the developer. Ciputra has stakes in five business groups (Group Jaya, Metropolitan Group, the Group Pondoh Beautiful, Bumi Serpong Damai Group and Ciputra Group). Of the five business groups, the Ciputra not cover that in fact he put loyalty first to Jaya. First, because it is almost identical with Jaya. From this starting business network properties. Since the company was formed in 1961, Ciputra sits in the ranks of directors for 35 years: 3 years first as a director and 32 years as president, until he resigned in 1996 and became commissioner and active. Second, is the fact that after the government of Jakarta, Ciputra is the largest shareholder in Jaya. PT Metropolitan Development is a company which he forms in 1970 with Ismail Sofyan, Budi Brasali, and several other partners. Third Ciputra Group is the Group Pondok Indah (PT Metropolitan Kencana), which is a joint venture between PT Metropolitan Development and PT Waringin Kencana Sudwikatmono and Sudono Salim. This group, among others, to develop housing and Pantai Indah Pondok Indah Kapok. The fourth business group is PT Bumi Serpong Damai, which was founded early 1980's. This company is a consortium of 10 leading businessmen  among others Sudono Salim, Eka Tjipta Widjaja, Sudwikatmono, Ciputra and Jaya Group - who developed the City project Mandiri Bumi Serpong Damai area of 6000 hectares, BSD toll road project  Bintaro Pondok Indah, and Damai Indah golf course Golf. Ciputra Group is the fifth business group. Group effort began from PT Citra Habitat Indonesia, which at the beginning of 1990 recognized all of its sides and its name was changed to Ciputra Development (CD). Ciputra become dirutnya and sixth ranks of directors be filled by the son and daughter-Ciputra. Ciputra Development Growth latter was prominent compared to the four other Ciputra Group. With the youngest age, instead of the first CD to go public in the capital market in March 1994. Just a few months later Jaya Real property followed. Total assets of the CD in December 1996 and ranges from Rp. 2.85 trillion, with profits in the same year reached Rp. 131.44 billion. CD now has 4 large-scale project: Housing Citra 455 Ha, CitraRaya Shades of Art in Tangerang City area of 1000 Ha, 1000 Ha CitraRaya Surabaya, and Citra Indah Jonggol. 1000 Ha. Not to mention the projects of hotels and malls are developed, such as hotel and Ciputra Mall, and the super block of 14.5 hectares in the Kuningan area of Jakarta. Ciputra Group also developed a Citra Westlake City area of 400 hectares in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Its construction is projected for 30 years with a total investment of U.S. $ 2.5 billion. In addition, the CD also entering the financial business through the Bank Ciputra, and brokerage business through a franchise of Century 21. Since a few years ago, claimed the Fifth Ciputra group effort especially for property projects into a marketing alliance. The Alliance was originally named the Pioneer, but now has changed to the Developer. "The name of the Pioneer seem arrogant and oriented to their own interests," said Ciputra about changing the name.

Early Life President CHIANG KAI-SHEK

Chiang was born in Xikou, a town approximately 30 kilometers southwest of downtown Ningbo, in Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang. However, his ancestral home, a concept important in Chinese society, was the town of Heqiao in Yixing, Wuxi, Jiangxu (approximately 38 km (24 mi) southwest of downtown Wuxi, and 10 km (6.2 mi) from the shores of Lake Tai).

Chiang's father, Chiang Zhaocong , and mother, Wang Caiyu , were members of an upper-middle to upper class family of salt merchants. Chiang's father died when he was only eight years of age, and he wrote of his mother as the "embodiment of Confucian virtues." In an arraged marriage, Chiang was married to a fellow villager by the name of Mao Fumei. Chiang and Mao had a son, Ching-kuo and a daughter Chien-hua.

Chiang grew up in an era in which military defeats and civil wars among warlords had left China destabilized and in debt, and he decided to pursue a military career. He began his military education at the Baoding Military Academy, in 1906. He left for a preparatory school for Chinese students, the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, in Japan in 1907. There he was influenced by his compatriots to support the revolutionary movement to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and set up a Chinese republic. He befriended fellow Zhejiang native Chen Qimei, and, in 1908, Chen brought Chiang into the Tongmenghui, a precursor of the KuomintangImperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911. (KMT) organization. Chiang served in the

Returning to China in 1911 after learning of the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Chiang intended to fight as an artillery officer. He served in the revolutionary forces, leading a regiment in Shanghai under his friend and mentor Chen Qimei, one of Sun's chief lieutenants. The Xinhai Revolution ultimately succeeded with the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and Chiang became a founding member of the KMT.

After the takeover of the Republican government by Yuan Shikai and the failed Second Revolution, Chiang, like his KMT comrades, divided time between exile in Japan and the havens of the Shanghai International Settlement. In Shanghai, Chiang also cultivated ties with the underworld gangs dominated by the notorious Green Gang and its leader Du Yuesheng. On February 15, 1912, several KMT members, including Chiang, murdered Tao Chengzhang, the leader of the Restoration Society, in a Shanghai French Concession hospital.

On May 18, 1916 agents of Yuan Shikai assassinated Chen Qimei. Chiang succeeded Chen as leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Shanghai. Sun Yat-sen's career was at its lowest point then, with most of his old Revolutionary Alliance comrades refusing to join him in the exiled Chinese Revolutionary Party.

In 1917, Sun Yat-sen moved his base of operations to Guangzhou and Chiang joined him in 1918. At this time Sun remained largely sidelined and, without arms or money, was soon expelled from Guangzhou and exiled again to Shanghai. He was restored to Guangzhou with mercenary help in 1920. However, a rift had developed between Sun, who sought to militarily unify China under the KMT, and Guangdong Governor Chen Jiongming, who wanted to implement a federalist system with Guangdong as a model province. On June 16, 1923 Chen attempted to assassinate Sun and had his residence shelled. During a prolonged skirmish between the troops of these opposing forces, Sun and his wife Soong Ching-ling narrowly escaped heavy machine gun fire and were rescued by gunboats under Chiang's direction. The incident earned Chiang the trust of Sun Yat-sen.

Sun regained control of Guangzhou in early 1924, again with the help of mercenaries from Yunnan, and accepted aid from the Comintern. Undertaking a reform of the KMT, he established a revolutionary government aimed at unifying China under the KMT. That same year, Sun sent Chiang to spend three months in Moscow studying the Soviet political and military system. During his trip in Russia, Chiang met Leon Trotsky and other Soviet leaders, but quickly came to the conclusion that the Russian model was not suitable for China. Chiang Kai-shek returned to Guangzhou and in 1924 was appointed Commandant of the Whampoa Military Academy by Sun. Chiang resigned from the office for one month in disagreement with Sun's too close cooperation with the Comintern, but returned at Sun's demand. The early years at Whampoa allowed Chiang to cultivate a cadre of young officers loyal to both the KMT and himself. Throughout his rise to power, Chiang also benefited from membership of the nationalist Tiandihui fraternity, to which Sun Yat-sen also belonged, and which remained a source of support during his leadership of China and later Taiwan.

Preface

First of all, the writer would like to express her thanks and deepest gratitude to God who has blessed her in writing the blog.
Secondly, she would like to express her sincere thanks to Ma'am Agnes, her English teacher, who has given help in writing the blog, so she would accomplish it on time.
Thirdly, her thanks go to the librarian and friends for their kindness to lend her some bookss and give support that really help her in finishing this blog. Then, she always has meny thanks to her parents and family who have given motivation.
Finally, she realizes that blog is far from being perfect. So suggestion and addition are gladly accepted. Thank you.

Links of President Chiang Kai Shek

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWchaing.htm